"I've Got More of a Role to Play": Australian Fathers' Perspectives on Parenting Through the Lens of COVID-19 Lockdown

Using interviews with 15 Australian fathers, we explored the impact of having spent time in COVID-19 lockdown on men's views of their relationship with their children and family-work life balance. All interviewees were married to women and living with their children, most were employed and working full-time. Three themes were identified from the interviews: an ongoing desire to be present as a father, benefits to being present through COVID-19 lockdowns for self as a father and for the children, and conflicting pressures from workplaces and at home which were barriers to being present. Survey data 1 year later revealed that many of these fathers had shifted their work patterns because of their lockdown experience. Shifts in workplace culture and behavior were identified as supporting flexible working arrangements. Despite the immediate challenges of lockdown, it provided the opportunity for some fathers to reevaluate their priorities resulting in long-term changes in working patterns.

The impact of COVID-19 on the work–life balance of working mothers: evidence from Nigerian academics

Purpose Given the limiting gender role conditions arising from the prevalence of patriarchy in Nigeria and the shift to workers staying at home due to the deadly spread of coronavirus (COVID-19), this article aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the work–life balance of professional mothers using the work–home resources model as a conceptual lens.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative data is based on telephone interviews with 28 married female university academics with children.FindingsThe findings reveal that the confinement policies enforced due to the need to combat the spread of COVID-19 and patriarchal norms deeply embedded in the Nigerian culture have exacerbated stress amongst women, who have needed to perform significantly more housework and childcare demands alongside working remotely than they did prior to the pandemic. The thematic analysis showed a loss of personal resources (e.g. time, energy, and income) resulting in career stagnation, health concerns, and increased male chauvinism due to the abrupt and drastic changes shaping the "new normal” lifestyle.Research limitations/implicationsThe study relies on a limited qualitative sample size, which makes the generalisation of findings difficult. However, the study contributes to the emerging global discourse on the profound negative consequences of COVID-19 on the lives and livelihoods of millions, with a focus on the stress and work–family challenges confronting women in a society that is not particularly egalitarian – unlike Western cultures.Originality/valueThe article provides valuable insights on how the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected professional working mothers in the sub-Saharan African context, where literature is scarce.

Cooperating for a better future

Este documento aborda lo que considero los principales problemas del mundo, aunque reconozco que también hay otros problemas en la actualidad, como la inflación y la guerra en Ucrania. Intentaré abordar los principales problemas, que son de interés para el CIRIEC, que es una organización internacional que presta especial atención a lo que se denomina el Tercer Sector" o "Economía Social", un área que se sitúa entre el sector empresarial privado y el gobierno a pesar de que no soy, debo admitirlo, un experto en este último campo. Lo trataré en el contexto de la discusión de un par de problemas a los que nos enfrentamos en el mundo y que me parecen realmente importantes. El primer problema es la desigualdad económica, de la que sé algo. El segundo problema es el cambio climático y los problemas medioambientales, que creo que son los más importantes. También me referiré al final a algunos problemas relacionados con la pandemia del COVID. En todos los problemas, lo que podríamos llamar el Tercer Sector puede desempeñar un gran papel.Alternate :This paper addresses what I consider to be the world's main problems, although I recognise that there are also other problems at present, such as inflation and the war in Ukraine. I will try to address the main problems, which are of interest to CIRIEC, which is an international organisation that pays particular attention to what is called the Third Sector" or "Social Economy", an area that lies between the private business sector and the government despite I am not, I must admit, an expert in this last field. I will deal with it in the context of discussing a couple of problems we face in the world that I think are really important. The first problem is economic inequality, which I know something about. The second problem is climate change and environmental problems, which I think are the most important. I will also refer at the end to some problems related to the COVID pandemic. In all the problems, what we could call the Third Sector can play a big role.

Who is talent? Implications of talent definitions for talent management practice 1

Although talent is considered imperative for gaining a competitive advantage, talent management programs' effectiveness is unknown. It is believed that consensus on a strong theoretical underpinning for identifying talent and its general definition is yet to be achieved among academia and practitioners. This lack of integration and agreement on a single definition among scholars lead to more confusion which inhibits the advancement of talent management scholarship. The notion also requires renewed attention in the post-pandemic era because everything may not go back to normal as pre-pandemic. This study addresses the gap and focuses on reviewing the existing scholarship on talent definitions and its conceptualization in one place. The study also aims to present the potential implications of talent definition on talent management practices. Among the various implications discussed, it is argued that a single approach to talent definition makes the company vulnerable as it is not using the full potential of talent management. Finally, based on this in-depth review, the study will highlight potential critical research areas towards which the scholarship of talent may be extended.

O FUTURO DAS TRANSFERÊNCIAS DE RENDA NO BRASIL: DILEMAS EMPÍRICOS E NORMATIVOS PARA UM PROGRAMA PÓS-PANDEMIA E PÓS-AUXÍLIO EMERGENCIAL

O objetivo desse artigo é refletir sobre os dilemas normativos que rondam o futuro das transferências de renda no Brasil, pós-pandemia. Iniciamos pela análise dos impactos da pandemia sobre resultados socioeconômicos e dos efeitos do auxílio emergencial sobre a distribuição de renda. Abordamos a discussão atual sobre os limites do Bolsa Família e o conceito de renda básica universal. Introduzimos três princípios de justiça para nortear nossa análise normativa: o igualitarismo, o prioritarismo e o suficientismo. Mostramos como esses conceitos permitem fazer questões sobres os objetivos de políticas e sobre dilemas morais implicados nos desenhos e métodos de implementação. Mostramos ainda que os próprios princípios de justiça são modificados quando levamos em conta aspectos práticos e não ideais da realidade sobre quais políticas são elaboradas.Alternate :In this article, we analyze the normative dilemmas that surround the future of cash transfers in Brazil, after the Covid-19 pandemic. We begin by analyzing the impacts of the pandemic on socioeconomic outcomes and the effects of emergency aid on the income distribution. We address the current discussion about the limits of Bolsa Familia and how the concept of a universal basic income. We introduce three principles of justice to guide our normative analysis: egalitarianism, prioritarianism, and sufficientarianism. We show how these concepts allow us to ask unique questions about policy objectives and moral dilemmas implied by the policy designs and methods of implementation. We also show that the principles of justice themselves are modified when we take into account practical and non-ideal aspects of the reality on which policies are elaborated.

Luck Egalitarianism and COVID-19: The Case for Compensating Children for School Closures

The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in school closures around the world, leaving lasting negative impacts on many children. Given that such closures are justified public health measures, this raises the question of compensating children for school closures. In this article I address the question of compensation from the perspective of a popular theory of justice: luck egalitarianism. In doing so, I examine a problem with applying luck egalitarianism to children, called the agency assumption. I then argue this assumption results in a dilemma for luck egalitarianism and suggest how this dilemma can be overcome. I argue that the resulting form of luck egalitarianism reveals something interesting about compensating children for school closures: luck egalitarianism requires us to address all bases of justice-relevant inequality among children-Covid-19-related and beyond. Although much of the current discussion of compensating children for such closures has focused narrowly on the need to make up for lost instruction time or to prevent reductions in educational achievement, I argue that a luck egalitarian conception of justice requires us to go beyond merely compensating children for educational losses and instead aim for radical equality in education.

Development of a new measure of political ideology

Ideology is central to political psychology, but despite recent renewed interest in studying political ideology, its measurement is inconsistent. Ideology scales are numerous and heterogeneous in content. Further, there is disagreement on whether ideology is unidimensional multi-dimensional, and what the nature of these dimensions are. These inconsistencies limit the generalizability of conclusions made about ideology as it relates to political views and behaviour. There is a clear need for a conceptual model that is grounded in theory, and for a well-validated scale that organizes and quantifies ideology. Chapter 1 reviews the state of ideology measurement and identifies plausible dimensions supported by the literature. Chapter 2 involves the development of the new political ideology scale (NPIS) and two exploratory factor analyses (EFA) with samples of 426 postsecondary students and 239 Canadian adults, respectively, which explored the latent structure of the items. Chapter 3 involved three studies using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with samples of 484 (Time 1) and 388 (Time 2) Canadian adults, 522 postsecondary students, and 191 Canadian adults, respectively. These studies tested the fit of the refined item pool and established a three-factor structure of ideology comprising egalitarianism, traditionalism, and authoritarianism factors. Construct and criterion validity analyses were also conducted. The three factors were associated to varying degrees with personality traits;social dominance and right-wing authoritarianism;party affiliation and voting behaviour;support for normative and radical collective action;views on Canadian political policies;and perceptions of the COVID-19 virus, government response, and vaccination intentions. Chapter 4 involves a latent profile analysis (LPA) suggesting four patterns of scores, which were associated with different demographic features and views on collective action: a highly egalitarian, very anti-authoritarian and very progressive profile;an egalitarian, moderately authoritarian, and moderately progressive profile;a highly authoritarian, slightly anti-egalitarian, and highly traditional profile;and a very anti-egalitarian, moderately authoritarian, highly traditional profile. Chapter 5 involves an experimental study on persuasive messaging and ideology as it relates to COVID-19 vaccination intentions. The studies provide a foundation for a more cohesive study of ideology, and the scale has potential applications for any research requiring measurement of core political values. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Predictors and effects of scientific knowledge

Purpose>Scientific knowledge has been a topic of interest for scholars for a long time;however, its impact on scientific decision- making and determining trust is severely underresearched. This study is aimed at determining the relationship between cultural and social attitudes and scientific knowledge and the impact of knowledge on trust in scientists in general.Design/methodology/approach>The authors conducted a face-to-face survey, drawing from a nationally representative sample of the adult Serbian population (N = 1,451). The authors tested the following parameters: a. the levels of scientific knowledge within the Serbian population;b. social and cultural values as predictors of scientific knowledge and c. the effects of scientific knowledge on trust in scientists.Findings>The analysis shows a moderate level of scientific knowledge, predominantly positive public attitudes towards scientists. The authors found that scientific knowledge indeed predicts trust in scientists on various issues, and so do cultural and social worldviews, both directly and even more significantly through the mediation of scientific knowledge.Originality/value>This is the first attempt to assess the level of scientific knowledge among the Serbian public and evaluate its, as well as other factors', influence on public attitudes toward scientists in a time when trusting experts is of great relevance.

The Egyptian revolution of January 25, 2011 as an anti-systemic movement

Purpose>This paper aims to analyze the Egyptian revolution as an anti-systemic movement. It illustrates how Egypt’s position in the world-economy has affected its political economy orientation and led to the marginalization of critical masses, who launched the revolution.Design/methodology/approach>The paper follows Wallerstein’s world-system analysis focusing on the anti-systemic movement concept. The paper analyzes the Egyptian case based on Annales school’s longue durée concept, which is a perspective to study developments of social relations historically.Findings>The Egyptian revolution was not only against the autocratic regime but also against the power structure resulting from the neoliberal economic policies, introduced as a response to the capitalism crisis. It represented the voice of the forgotten. The revolution was one of the anti-systemic movements resisting the manifestations of the capitalist world-economy.Originality/value>This paper aims at proving that the Egyptian revolution was an anti-systemic movement;which will continue to spread as a rejection to the world-system and to aspire a more democratic and egalitarian world. The current COVID-19 pandemic is exacerbating the crisis of the world-system.

COVID-19 Salgınını Küresel Sosyal Adalet Perspektifinden Düşünmek

COVID-19 küresel salgını, dünyanın farklı yerlerinden olan insanların krizlerden çeşitli biçimlerde etkilendiğine yönelik önemli bir kesit oluşturmaktadır. Salgının küresel eşitsizlikleri gün yüzüne çıkarıcı, derinleştirici ve yenilerini yaratan yönü dikkat çekmektedir. Belirli risklerle yüz yüze gelme ve başa çıkabilecek imkanlara sahip olma bakımından bazı kişilerin o risklere daha açık olduğu görünmektedir. Salgın döneminde küresel istihdam kayıplarının geçici ve yarı zamanlı çalışanlara etkisi, sağlık ve iş güvencesine sahip olma konuları birincil olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışmak zorunda kalınan sektörler, eğitim düzeyi ve kazancı daha yüksek olan kişilerin iş faaliyetlerini evlerinden yapabilmeleri, evlerinde çocuklarını eğitecek yerlerinin olması, uzaktan eğitim imkanlarına sahip olma başlıkları bunları izleyen eşitsizliklerden yalnızca bazılarıdır. Salgın dönemi tedbirlerinden karantina altında kalma, ev içi ve dışı olmak üzere mekânsal eşitsizlikler yine küresel eşitsizliklerin bir parçasıdır. Küresel ekonomik faaliyetler sonucu ortaya çıkan bölüşüm adaletsizliklerinin, çeşitli eşitsizlikleri nasıl ve ne biçimde yeniden ürettiği salgın döneminde daha fazla dikkat çekmekte, adaletin uluslararası boyutu sorgulanmaktadır. Adaletin küresel yükümlülüklerine vurgu yapan kozmopolitan eşitlikçiler, zenginlik ve kaynakların bölüşümünde John Rawls'ın iki adalet ilkesinin uluslararası boyutta uygulanabileceği iddiasındadırlar. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmamızda COVID-19 salgınının küresel eşitsizlikler üzerindeki etkilerini, salgın dönemi yardım uygulamalarını kozmopolitan eşitlikçilik bağlamında ele almaya çalışacağız.Alternate :The COVID-19 global epidemic constitutes an important cross-section that people from different parts of the world are affected by the crises in various ways. In the face of a certain risk, it seems that some people are more open to those risks in terms of confronting them and having opportunities to cope. The aspect of the epidemic that brings global inequalities to light, deepens and creates new ones draws attention. During the epidemic, the effects of global employment losses on temporary and part-time workers, health and employment insurance are the primary issues. Sectors where people have to work, people with higher education and income levels, being able to carry out their business activities from their homes, having a place to educate their children at home, and having distance education opportunities are just some of the following inequalities. Spatial inequalities, including quarantine, indoor and outdoor inequalities, are also a part of global inequalities. How and in what way the distributional injustices resulting from global economic activities reproduce various inequalities draw more attention during the epidemic period, and the international dimension of justice is questioned. Emphasizing the global obligations of justice, cosmopolitan egalitarians claim that John Rawls' two principles of justice can be applied internationally in the distribution of wealth and resources. From this point of view, in our study, we will try to deal with the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on global inequalities and the aid practices during the epidemic in the context of cosmopolitan egalitarianism.

The journey to greater equality

[...]examining incomes, along with other variables, is also essential. The crucial role of public activity then transcends capitalism, because when such services are provided by public authorities without basing them on commercial principles in anticipation of profits, this effectively creates a mixed economy. In addition to redistribution, he argues that taxes on inheritance can serve the goal of “predistribution” that inhibit too much intergenerational wealth transfer, once again suggesting that highly confiscatory rates of taxation on individuals have had immense historical success. [...]this is precisely why, in addition to the fiscal policies that he puts so much emphasis on, it is necessary to bring in other regulatory measures and changes in legal codes that would impact predistribution nationally and internationally. [...]low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) today, which cannot achieve what rich countries can through this progressive fiscal strategy alone, necessarily require other elements of a broader strategy.

Wolf Warriors and Diplomacy in the New Era: An Empirical Analysis of China's Diplomatic Language *

[...]after Zhao posted a computer-generated image of an Australian soldier holding a bloody knife to the throat of an Afghan child and condemned Australia's violation of human rights in Afghanistan, the Australian prime minister called a media briefing and demanded an apology from the Chinese government.3 The wolf warrior actions of some Chinese diplomats have gone beyond rhetoric. [...]there is still debate about whether this form of diplomacy represents an official foreign policy line or, rather, the more limited tactics of the MFA or even individual diplomats.6 Global Times, a Chinese state-controlled daily newspaper, has praised the wolf warrior diplomacy for reflecting the interests of the Chinese people and attributed Western concern over it to the ongoing shift in the relative positions of China and Western countries.7 At the same time, some long-serving and high-profile career diplomats, such as Cui Tiankai (S¾M) and Fu Ying (#?), have publicly condemned and tried to tamp down the wolf warrior diplomacy.8 International relations scholars in China, such as Yan Xuetong (l¾??.), have also urged the world to stop treating diplomats' personal statements and social media posts as China's official foreign policy.9 How does wolf warrior diplomacy relate to Xi Jinping's diplomacy? [...]Xi's diplomacy also stresses China's responsibility to assist developing countries and the importance of going beyond the narrow pursuit of its interests. While these conflicting strands of Xi's diplomacy might seem incoherent to the international audience, they allow for great flexibility, in that the aggressive wolf warrior style satisfies the domestic nationalist audience, and the egalitarian and liberal rhetoric creates the foreign policy space for China to deescalate international tensions.

Operational reflections on what contributes to building a successful Project ECHO network

The findings within this short report, generated from thematic analysis of nine semistructured interviews with the Northern Ireland Project ECHO team (including authors of this reflection) and informed by reflective practice literature,7 highlight important additional lessons for other teams and organisations using the ECHO approach. Participatory approaches to setting curriculum and programme content, and linking objectives to wider service goals such as integration of care, service transformation and achieving measurable patient outcomes, were consistently present in networks that were considered most effective by the Northern Ireland Project ECHO operational team. Participants must feel safe in sharing sensitive information, discussing challenging cases, while being open to learning and critical feedback. Funding This study was undertaken as part of programmatic and process evaluation with healthcare providers funded through the Health and Social Care Board of Northern Ireland.

Human cooperation and the crises of climate change, COVID-19, and misinformation

Contemporary society is facing many social dilemmas-including climate change, COVID-19, and misinformation-characterized by a conflict between short-term self-interest and longer-term collective interest. The climate crisis requires paying costs today to reduce climate-related harms and risks that we face in the future. The COVID-19 crisis requires the less vulnerable to pay costs to benefit the more vulnerable in the face of great uncertainty. The misinformation crisis requires investing effort to assess truth and abstain from spreading attractive falsehoods. Addressing these crises requires an understanding of human cooperation. To that end, we present (a) an overview of mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation, including mechanisms based on similarity and interaction;(b) a discussion of how reputation can incentivize cooperation via conditional cooperation and signaling;and (c) a review of social preferences that undergird the proximate psychology of cooperation, including positive regard for others, parochialism, and egalitarianism. We discuss the three focal crises facing our society through the lens of cooperation, emphasizing how cooperation research can inform our efforts to address them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Rethinking the Ethics of Pandemic Rationing: Egalitarianism and Avoiding Wrongs.

This paper argues that we ought to rethink the harm-reduction prioritization strategy that has shaped early responses to acute resource scarcity (particularly of intensive care unit beds) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although some authors have claimed that "[t]here are no egalitarians in a pandemic," it is noted here that many observers and commentators have been deeply concerned about how prioritization policies that proceed on the basis of survival probability may unjustly distribute the burden of mortality and morbidity, even while reducing overall deaths. The paper further argues that there is a general case in favor of an egalitarian approach to medical rationing that has been missed in the ethical commentary so far; egalitarian approaches to resource rationing minimize wrongful harm. This claim is defended against some objections and the paper concludes by explaining why we should consider the possibility that avoiding wrongful harm is more important than avoiding harm simpliciter.

A 21st Century Take on Racial-Ethnic Socialization: Patterns of Competency and Content among Diverse Parents of Color

Racial-ethnic socialization is a process where parents pass beliefs and behaviors to their children, including critical reflections on race and racism. Currently, it is not well known across racial/ethnic groups in the U.S how parents’ socialization competency (confidence, skills, and stress surrounding the delivery of racial-ethnic socialization) coalesces with the frequency with which they deliver different types of socialization messages (socialization content). The current study utilizes latent profile analysis to examine racial-ethnic socialization content and competency patterns among 203 Black, 194 Latinx, and 188 Asian American parents (n = 585, Mage = 44.46, SD = 9.14, 59.70% mothers) with children 10–18 years old (Mage = 14.30, SD = 2.49, 50.3% female). Furthermore, we relate profiles to sociodemographic and relevant factors posited to impact socialization competency and content delivery, namely, discrimination and critical consciousness dimensions (reflection, motivation, action). We observed three parental profiles: Less Prepared Stressed Low Frequency (LPSLF;n = 285), Prepared Low Stress Frequent (PLSF;n = 204), and Prepared Stressed Frequent (PSF;n = 96) socializers. Profile differences emerged on parental and youth sociodemographic factors, lifetime discrimination exposure, and each parental critical consciousness dimension. This study lays a foundation for the combined study of racial-ethnic socialization competence and content in diverse groups, a practice crucial to understanding 21st century parenting.

The Puzzling Persistence of Racial Inequality in Canada

This article examines the failure of Canadian public policy in addressing racial economic inequality directly. Our analysis contends that Canada's key policy regimes were established in the postwar era, when approximately 96 per cent of Canadians were of European descent. As a result, the frameworks, problem definitions and policy tools inherited from that era were never intended to mitigate racial economic inequality. Moreover, this policy inheritance was deeply shaped by liberal universalism, which rejected racial distinctions in law and policy. These norms were carried forward into the more racially diverse Canada of today, where they have steered attention away from the use of racial categories in policy design. As a result, racial inequality was not a central priority during major policy reforms to core policy regimes in recent decades. In theoretical terms, our analysis contributes to Canadian Political Development through a sustained consideration of the intersecting roles of ideational frameworks, path dependency and policy inertia.

Shared society in Israel: The Givat Haviva model (case study)

The article seeks to present the unique model Givat Haviva constructed for the establishment of a shared society in Israel. This article was written during a very dramatic year in Israel and around the world. The COVID-19 epidemic has killed more than 6000 people in Israel, as of this writing, and two and a half million around the world. At a time when countries are fighting each other over vaccines for their citizens, it is clear that the world needs to change its mode of action to ensure future sustainability. The liberal-capitalist view, which sees the good of the individual as detached from the good of the whole, cannot guarantee the world's future. We depend on each other, every nation, every person. There will be no revival for the whole chain if its weak links drag us down. This is the case in the struggle for climate and environmental sustainability, and this is the case within countries as they attempt to create safe, healthy, and developing societies for their citizens. the global world of the 21st century, the world has become so small and we have become so close to each other, that everything we do locally has an immediate impact on global reality, for better or worse. Therefore, the model presented in this article also claims to be of global value. It draws insights from other countries around the world and I believe many of its components are relevant to the changes required in other countries and continents. As an optimist, I am convinced that this change will come, and the future of humanity will be built on development toward a shared, egalitarian, and inclusive society. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict and their relation to perceived parenting and the parent-child relationship before and during the first Covid-19 lockdown

Objective: Our objective is twofold: First, to examine whether, to what extent and for whom (by sex and educational attainment) work-to-family conflict (W -> F-conflict) and family-towork conflict (F -> W-conflict) increased from the pre-Covid-19 period to the first lockdown period. Second, to examine whether and to what extent the negative associations between W -> F-conflict/F -> W-conflict and perceived parenting (positive encouragement, coercive parenting and the parent-child relationship) became stronger. Background: During the first Covid-19 lockdown, parents were asked to provide childcare and home-schooling for their children while also being expected to fulfil their work obligations. Under these circumstances, this study was set out to examine how W -> F. conflict/F -> W-conflict, perceived parenting and their associations were affected. Method: Multilevel regression models were applied to longitudinal data collected among 55 employed mothers and 76 employed fathers with a 3-year-old child at wave 1. Results: We found that F -> W-conflict/W -> F-conflict increased most strongly among highly educated mothers, followed by lower/medium educated mothers and highly educated fathers, while no increase or even a decrease was observed among lower/medium educated fathers. We found some associations between W -> F-conflict/F -> W-conflict with perceived parenting, but these did not consistently become stronger during the Covid-19 wave. Although overall heightened levels of conflict did not strongly spill over to mothers' and fathers' perceived parenting, our results showed that for some parents conflict clearly increased with negative implications for their perceived parenting. Conclusion: With some noteworthy exceptions, increases in F -> W-conflict/W -> F-conflict did not coincide with decreases in perceived parenting, indicating that most parents did not let increased conflict between work and family affect their parenting.